The relationship between the environment and tourism to the extent of their history, old as well as the natural environment need to tourism and tourism needs. Although this relationship is complex and sometimes contradictory, but tourism is always an important component in the creation and management of natural areas is considered. Due to the increasing development of ecotourism as nature tourism and consequently the vulnerability of the natural environment, we believe that only with experienced and knowledgeable guides must go to the heart of nature to reduce damaging it. Tourism boom in every geographic location along the positive and negative consequences of economic, social and Environmental impacts associated with that if continued could lead to irreparable damage. This paper shows that the development of tourism, Environmental impact, most notably the destruction has left abundant vegetation, coastal water pollution and loss of coastal landscape. Tourism, not only to rapidly growing phenomenon, but also a key factor in the development of regions and Tamynknndh Y many direct and indirect benefits for the host. On the other hand, such an approach has led to concerns about Environmental degradation. In fact, a very close relationship between environment and tourism, because the environment itself is an attraction for tourists is important. According to the dominant form of tourism in the provinces bordering the sea in Iran, coastal tourism, the study also examined the behavior of coastal tourism environment.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to Environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of Environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of Environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the Environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of Environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of Environmental quality. As the Environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human Environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to Environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of Environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of Environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to Environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in Environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an Environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of Environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of Environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in Environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in Environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the Environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes Environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Water is one of the most important resources on earth. However, due to the drought crisis in Iran and the need to save water and study the determinants, this study was conducted to predict Environmental behavior by relying on water consumption behavior based on Environmental awareness, attitude, and concern. The research is a survey in which 865 citizens of Kermanshah City answered the research questionnaires by cluster sampling. The data was analyzed by statistical methods using SPSS software. The results showed that the variables of Environmental knowledge (31 %), Environmental concern (34 %), and Environmental attitude (54 %) have the ability to predict the Environmental behavior of water consumption. Therefore, people with higher knowledge, concerns and Environmental attitudes are more diligent in saving water. According to the results of this study, explaining Environmental behavior using three variables of Environmental knowledge, Environmental attitude, and Environmental concern can be suggested to implementers and policymakers for use in developing interventions and educational campaigns and raising people's Environmental awareness and knowledge. Also, these results can increase the paying attention to their Environmental attitudes toward water consumption, can demonstrate that water conservation is realistic and practicable for people, and can convince them that they can engage in conservation-related behaviors. These results have the potential to raise people's awareness of their Environmental attitudes about water consumption, illustrate that water conservation is feasible and achievable for them, and persuade them that they can engage in conservation-related actions.

This paper investigates the relationship between Environmental knowledge- both Systematic knowledge and action related knowledge- and energy consumption behavior in Urmia as an Environmental. Scholars on Environmental studies like Borden and Schettino (1979), Schahn and Holzer (1990), Kaiser et.al.(1999), and Bayard and Joley (2006) believe that there is an association between Environmental knowledge and Environmental significant behaviors. This research hypothesizes that there is a positive relationship between Environmental knowledge and Environmental behavior, and survey method is applied with cluster sampling method to choose the samples. The overall results show that there was no significant relationship between Environmental knowledge and Environmental significant behavior. The probable reasons of this controversial result are discussed thoroughly and several suggestions are put forward for further studies.

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the relationship among bio-Environmental knowledge and attitudes with behaviors. By using stratified random sampling method, 242 students from four courses (Environmental health, natural geography, psychology, history) were selected. The factor for bio-Environmental knowledge was passing of some units about environment that for this purpose two courses, Environmental health and geography, were selected. Students filled the pro-Environmental behavior and Environmental attitude questionnaires which contained three subscales: ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, and Environmental apathy. The results showed that the knowledge about Environmental problems had meaningful effect on pro-Environmental behavior. The anthropocentric view was correlated positively with pro-Environmental behavior, while the association between Environmental apathy and anthropocentric was not found. In addition, an ecocentrism is correlated positively with pro-Environmental behavior, and negatively with apathy.

The purpose of this study was to discover Environmental factors affecting organizational behavior in Iranian universities. Thus in this research, qualitative research design and qualitative case study method were used. Research participants included 15 specialist of management and organizational behavior with academic experience selected through purposeful sampling strategy and criterion-based method. The data collection method was semi-structured deep interviews and thematic analysis techniques used to analyze the data. Findings of the present study in the form of 36 basic themes were extracted from six themes of economic, political, social, Environmental, technological, and professional realm. Also the results of this study can lead to more effective perception and understanding of the Environmental dimension of organizational behavior and thus enable universities to interact more effectively with their environment.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually Environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.